THE EFFECT OF FIRE SMOKE EXPOSURE ON THE INCIDENCE OF LUNG DISEASES AMONG FIREFIGHTERS

Abstract

Firefighters are routinely exposed to fire smoke containing a complex mixture of hazardous substances, including particulate matter, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and other toxic gases that pose serious risks to respiratory health. Continuous and repeated exposure to these substances may increase the incidence of lung diseases among firefighters, both in acute and chronic forms. This study aims to explore the effect of fire smoke exposure on the occurrence of lung diseases among firefighters using a descriptive qualitative approach. The research focuses on understanding firefighters’ experiences, perceptions, and health complaints related to occupational smoke exposure during fire suppression activities. In addition, firefighters reported limited awareness regarding the long-term health risks associated with smoke exposure, which further exacerbates vulnerability to lung diseases. The study also highlights that organizational factors, including insufficient occupational health monitoring and inconsistent enforcement of safety protocols, play a crucial role in increasing health risks. Overall, this research emphasizes the urgent need for improved preventive measures, consistent use of personal protective equipment, routine respiratory health examinations, and enhanced occupational health education for firefighters. Strengthening these strategies is essential to reduce the incidence of lung diseases and improve the long-term health and safety of firefighters.