VARIOUS APPROACHES AND DESIGNS FOR CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The curriculum is a strategic tool in the education system that must change in line with advances in technology, information, and socio-cultural developments. The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the meaning, various methods, and types of curriculum development designs, particularly those related to Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study analyzes various approaches (academic, humanistic, competency-based, goal-oriented, teacher-centered, and student-centered), as well as three main curriculum designs by Nana Syaodih Sukmadinata: subject-centered, student-centered, and problem-centered. The results of the study show that the approach serves as a philosophical-conceptual foundation, and the design serves as a way to organize curriculum elements. The harmonious integration of the two results in a curriculum that is relevant, systematic, flexible, and oriented towards character building and student competency. The selection of the right approach and design will support the creation of a PAI curriculum that is not only normative but also contextual and responsive to the challenges of the 21st century. This study concludes that an effective and sustainable PAI curriculum must combine the three designs proportionally in order to shape Muslim individuals who are knowledgeable and have noble character as well as social piety amid the currents of globalization and technological disruption.