LITERATURE STUDY ON THE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE LEARNING IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH

Abstract

This study aims to examine the principles of effective learning that are relevant to be applied in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) through a literature study approach. Effective learning is one of the keys to improving the quality of Islamic elementary education, because it not only covers cognitive aspects, but also includes spiritual, social, and character values of students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by reviewing various literature from journals, books, and the latest Islamic education policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the principles of effective learning that are most relevant to be applied in MI include: active, contextual, collaborative, reflective learning, student-centered learning, and integration of Islamic values in every aspect of learning. The application of these principles has been proven to increase motivation, learning outcomes, and character formation of students. However, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of limited teacher training, learning resources, and mastery of modern pedagogical approaches. Therefore, policy support and continuous improvement of teacher competence are needed so that learning in MI is more effective, inclusive, and contextual.