Implementation of Eco-Wetland Phytoremediation Technology to Support Cleaner Production and Waste Load Reduction in Tofu Factories

Abstract

The small-scale tofu industry Tahu Sumedang Putri Deli generates large volumes of wastewater that have been discharged directly into the drainage channel without treatment, causing odor, turbidity, and blockage that disturb the surrounding settlement. This community service program aims to implement an eco-wetland phytoremediation technology using water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius) equipped with a coarse screen, as well as to strengthen the partner's capacity in wastewater management and cleaner production practices. The method consisted of socialization, training, technology implementation, mentoring and evaluation, and sustainability planning, supported by the environmental group Klinik Reboisasi. Results showed a 77.8% plant survival rate on day 7, with all water jasmine plants surviving while water lettuce reached 66.7%. Over six days of operation, wastewater pH increased from 4.76 to 7.3–7.4, TDS decreased by 43.3–49.9%, and dissolved oxygen increased by 29.6–48.1%. Partner knowledge scores rose from an average of 55.0 to 86.25, with 87.5% of partners able to operate the system independently. These improvements were also supported by routine cleaning of the channel and plants, as well as the selection of water jasmine seedlings with well-developed root systems. The program indicates that eco-wetland is one of the least expensive and viable solutions for small-scale tofu industries, though it requires source reduction for wastewater management to remain sustainable.